Sains Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2453-2469

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-20

 

An Empirical Study of Workers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Regarding Safety Risk Across Demographic Factors and Active BBS Organizations: A Factorial MANOVA Approach

(Kajian Empirik Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Amalan Pekerja (KAP) Berkenaan Risiko Keselamatan Merentasi Faktor Demografi dan Organisasi BBS Aktif: Suatu Pendekatan Faktor MANOVA)

 

ALI MOHAMMAD SAEDI, ZAIDI ISA* & SITI SARAH BINTI SALLEH

 

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 17 Mac 2023/Diterima: 1 Ogos 2023

 

Abstract

Construction is a high-risk sector, and construction workers engage in several activities that may expose them to grave risks. The conduct and qualities of workers may influence their awareness of workplace health and safety. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practise (KAP) of employees regarding occupational safety in relation to individual characteristics and the interaction of the BBS programme at Malaysian construction sites. The one-way and two-way tests of multivariate analysis of variance were performed. Findings showed significant disparities in mean KAP scores across employee characteristics in relation to safety issues. Furthermore, the relationship between the BBS programme and personal characteristics was important in terms of employee safety attitudes and practises at the analysed construction sites. Enhancing safety (KAP) reduces employees' divergent perceptions of workplace health and safety while simultaneously enhancing safety behaviour.

 

Keywords: Behaviour-based safety; construction personnel; safety attitude; safety knowledge; safety practice; safety risk

 

Abstrak

Pembinaan ialah sektor berisiko tinggi dan pekerja binaan terlibat dengan pelbagai aktiviti yang boleh mendedahkan mereka kepada risiko besar. Kelakuan dan kualiti pekerja boleh mempengaruhi kesedaran mereka tentang kesihatan dan keselamatan tempat kerja. Oleh itu, tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan (KAP) pekerja berhubung keselamatan pekerjaan berkaitan ciri individu dan interaksi program BBS di tapak pembinaan di Malaysia. Ujian sehala dan dua hala bagi analisis pelbagai variasi bagi varians telah dilakukan. Hasil menunjukkan perbezaan ketara dalam min skor KAP untuk ciri pekerja berhubung isu keselamatan. Tambahan pula, hubungan antara program BBS dan ciri peribadi adalah penting dari segi sikap dan amalan keselamatan pekerja di tapak pembinaan yang dianalisis. Meningkatkan keselamatan (KAP) mengurangkan persepsi berbeza pekerja terhadap kesihatan dan keselamatan tempat kerja sambil meningkatkan tingkah laku keselamatan pada masa yang sama.

 

Kata kunci: Amalan keselamatan; kakitangan pembinaan; keselamatan berasaskan tingkah laku; pengetahuan keselamatan; risiko keselamatan; sikap keselamatan

RUJUKAN

Ablon, H.G.M., Into, K.C.N., Limocon, G.R., Leocadio, RJ.K.R.Y. & Lacang, G.C. 2019. Knowledge, attitude and practices of construction workers of Barangay Lapasan Cagayan de oro city on work - related hazards. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 15(3): 76-87.

Chi, C.F., Chang, T.C. & Ting, H.I. 2005. Accident patterns and prevention measures for fatal occupational falls in the construction industry. Applied Ergonomics 36(4): 391-400.

Cooper, M.D. 1999. What is behavioral safety. Journal of Safety Research 30: 309-328.

Cox, S., Jones, B. & Rycraft, H. 2004. Behavioral approaches to safety management within UK reactor plants. Safety Science 42(9): 825-839.

Dainty, A.R., Bryman, A. & Price, A.D. 2002. Empowerment within the UK construction sector. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 23(6): 333-342.

Dejoy, D.M. 2005. Behavior change versus culture change: Divergent approaches to             managing workplace safety. Safety Science 43(2): 105-129.

Department of Occupational Safety and Health. 2021. Occupational Accidents Statistics by Sector January to December 2021. https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/statistic-v/occupational-accident-statistics/occupational-accident-statistic-2021

Dyreborg, J., Lipscomb, H.J., Nielsen, K., Törner, M., Rasmussen, K., Frydendall, K.B.,             Bay, H., Gensby, U., Bengtsen, E., Guldenmund, F. & Kines, P. 2022. Safety             interventions for the prevention of accidents at work: A systematic review. Campbell              Systematic Reviews 18(2): 1-187.

Geller, E.S. 2001. Behavior-based safety in industry: Realizing the large-scale potential of psychology to promote human welfare. Applied and Preventive Psychology 10(2): 87-105.

Goh, Y.M. & Chua, S. 2016. Knowledge, attitude and practices for design for safety: A              study on civil & structural engineers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 93: 260-266.

Han, Y., Jin, R., Wood, H. & Yang, T. 2019. Investigation of demographic factors in construction employees’ safety perceptions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(7): 2815-2828.

Ho, D.C.P., Ahmed, S.M., Kwan, J.C. & Ming, F.Y.W. 2000. Site safety management in Hong Kong. Journal of Management in Engineering 16(6): 34-42.

Idungafa, E.D. & Charles, T.W. 2019. Socio demographic factors associated with knowledge of occupational hazard and safety measures among workers in selected downstream petroleum companies in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 29(11): 1-12.

International Labor Organization. 2022. World Statistic: The Enormous Burden of Poor             Working Conditions. https://www.ilo.org/moscow/areas-of-work/occupational-safety               and health/WCMS _249278/lang--en/index.htm

International Labour Organization. 2004. World of Work to Mark World Day for Safety and Health. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-thelo/newsroom/news/WCMS_005193/lang--en/index.htm

Jafari, M.J., Gharari, M., Ghafari, M., Omidi, L., Kalantari, S. & Asadolah-Fardi, G. 2014. The influence of safety training on safety climate factors in a construction site. International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 6(2): 81-87.

Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, M., Szwedzka, K. & Szczuka, M. 2015. Behavior based             intervention for occupational safety-case study. Procedia Manufacturing 3: 4876-4883.

Kaila, H.L. 2006. Behavior based safety in organizations. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 10(3): 102.

Kurina, B., Wayne, G. & Lendel, N. 2015. Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of occupational health and safety hazards in Trinidad, West Indies and implications for the Agriculture sector. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 7(7): 221-228.

Kyaw, M.K.K., Oo, W.M. & Mya, K.M. 2015. Knowledge, attitude and practice on safety measures of occupational hazards among constructional workers at Bayint Naung Bridge Construction Site in Yangon Region. Myanmar Medical Journal 57(2): 28-32.

Li, H., Lu, M., Hsu, S.C., Gray, M. & Huang, T. 2015. Proactive behavior-based safety management for construction safety improvement. Safety Science 75: 107-117.

Nasab, H.S., Ghofranipour, F., Kazemnejad, A., Khavanin, A. & Tavakoli, R. 2009. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and behavior of workers towards occupational health and safety. Iranian Journal of Public Health 38(2): 125-129.

Nee, S.O. & Sani, N.A. 2011. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among food handlers at residential colleges and canteen regarding food safety. Sains             Malaysiana 40(4): 403-410.

Nelson, D.E., Bolen, J. & Kresnow, M.J. 1998. Trends in safety belt use by demographics and by type of state safety belt law, 1987 through 1993. American Journal of Public Health 88(2): 245-249.

Nguyen, P.T. 2020. Attitude of construction workers toward labour safety. International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management 10(2-3): 181-193.

Nunu, W.N., Kativhu, T. & Moyo, P. 2018. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Behavior Based Safety Initiative card system at a cement manufacturing company in Zimbabwe. Safety and Health at Work 9(3): 308-313.

Ogwueleka, A.C. 2013. A review of safety and quality issues in the construction industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management 3(3): 42-48.

Onowhakpor, A.O., Abusu, G.O., Adebayo, B., Esene, H.A. & Okojie, O.H. 2017. Determinants of occupational health and safety: Knowledge, attitude, and safety practices toward occupational hazards of sawmill workers in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State. African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16(1): 58-64.

Ricci, F., Bravo, G., Modenese, A., De Pasquale, F., Ferrari, D., Bello, M., Favero, G.,             Soddu, S. & Gobba, F. 2021. Risk perception and ethnic background in construction             workers: Results of a cross-sectional study in a group of trainees of a vocational school in Italy. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11(1): 96-109.

Siti Nurul Ain Saipullizan, Sahilah Abd. Mutalib & Razalee Sedek. 2018. Knowledge, attitude and practice of food utensils hygiene amongst food handlers in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 47(7): 1527-1533.

Sousa, S. & Teixeira, J. 2004. Prevention measures to reduce risk of falling from heights.            IX National Symposium of ISMAI, Porto, 14-15 October.

Spigener, J., Lyon, G. & McSween, T. 2022. Behavior-based safety 2022: Today’s evidence. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 42(4): 1-24.

Stevens, J. 2009. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. 5th ed. Taylor & Francis Group.

Sulzer-Azaroff, B. & Austin, J. 2000. Does BBS work. Professional Safety 45(7): 19-24.

Tam, V.W. & Fung, I.W.H. 2008. A study of knowledge, awareness, practice and recommendations among Hong Kong construction workers on using personal respiratory protective equipment at risk. The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal 2(1): 69-81.

Vinodkumar, M.N. & Bhasi, M. 2010. Safety management practices and safety behavior: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention 42(6): 2082-2093.

Vinodkumar, M.N. & Bhasi, M.J.S.S. 2009. Safety climate factors and its relationship             with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Safety Science 47(5): 659-667.

World Health Organization. 2008. Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: A guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys (Publication No. WHO/HTM/STB/2008.46).

Zahoor, H., Chan, A.P., Utama, W.P., Gao, R. & Zafar, I. 2017. Modeling the relationship between safety climate and safety performance in a developing construction industry: A cross-cultural validation study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(4): 351.

Zamzuri, Z.H. & Isa, Z. 2022. Pengukuran risiko menggunakan Rangkaian Bayesan:             Aplikasi kepada data perlanggaran kapal di Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 51(7): 2305-            2314.

Zulkifly, S.S., Hasan, N.H., Baharudin, M.R., Syed, S.N. & Ismail, M.R.M. 2021. Safety Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) among manufacturing workers in Malaysia: A proposed research of designing and developing an intervention module. Journal of Advanced Research in Business, Marketing, and Supply Chain Management 5(1): 10-23.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zaidiisa@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sebelumnya